Qt 调用python 脚本并打包

业务中需要用opencv进行图像处理，视觉算法部分由其他团队处理，由于算法部分是用python编写的，我们需要将python集成到我们的Qt程序中。这里，记录下Qt调用Python踩坑的过程。

1. 在Qt中调用python文件
找到本机下python的安装路径，将include，libs，python3.dll,python310.dll拷贝到工程下

将头文件和lib加入到cmakelist中

include_directories("${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/include/python" )if(WIN32)    link_directories("${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/dependencies/windows-x86_64/libs")endif()
set(PY_LIBS _tkinter python3 python310)
add_executable(MaterialSizeDetectionEdge ${PROJECT_SOURCES})
target_link_libraries(MaterialSizeDetectionEdge        Qt::Core        Qt::Gui        Qt::Widgets        ${PY_LIBS}        ws2_32        )

编写一个简单的python脚本，mytest.py
注意，这里的文件一定不能命名为test.py 会与python自带的test模块冲突

def hello():    print("hello word")

qt调用python

#include "mainwindow.h"#include "./ui_mainwindow.h"#include <QDebug>#include <QCoreApplication>#include <iostream>#pragma push_macro("slots")#undef slots#include <Python.h>#pragma pop_macro("slots")
MainWindow::MainWindow(QWidget *parent)    : QMainWindow(parent)    , ui(new Ui::MainWindow){    ui->setupUi(this);    qDebug() << QCoreApplication::applicationDirPath();    Py_Initialize();    if (!Py_IsInitialized()) {        qDebug()<<" py init faild ";      }    PyRun_SimpleString("import sys");    PyRun_SimpleString("sys.path.append('./py')");    PyObject* pModule = PyImport_ImportModule("mytest");    PyObject* pFunhello= PyObject_GetAttrString(pModule,"hello");    PyObject_CallFunction(pFunhello,NULL);    Py_Finalize();}

注意，这里需要先取消Qt 中对slots的宏定义

#pragma push_macro("slots")#undef slots#include <Python.h>#pragma pop_macro("slots")

运行结果如下

2. 处理pyhon脚本中对第三方库的引用
大多数时候，我们不只是用python本身的函数，还需要用到很多第三方库，这个时候，我们可以把第三方库直接copy到工程下。
这里，我们用numpy为例，展示，在Qt中调用py脚本中依赖三方库

import numpy as npdef hello():    l = np.ones([3, 3])    print(l)

numpy库，我们就简单粗暴的用pycharm 下载，下载完成之后，把numpy文件夹复制到工程中

#include "mainwindow.h"#include "./ui_mainwindow.h"#include <QDebug>#include <QCoreApplication>#include <iostream>#pragma push_macro("slots")#undef slots#include <Python.h>#pragma pop_macro("slots")
MainWindow::MainWindow(QWidget *parent)    : QMainWindow(parent)    , ui(new Ui::MainWindow){    ui->setupUi(this);    qDebug() << QCoreApplication::applicationDirPath();    Py_Initialize();    if (!Py_IsInitialized()) {        qDebug()<<" py init faild ";      }    PyRun_SimpleString("import sys");    PyRun_SimpleString("sys.path.append('./')");    QString pyPackagesPath = "sys.path.append('"+QCoreApplication::applicationDirPath()+"/site-packages')";    PyRun_SimpleString(pyPackagesPath.toLatin1().data());    PyObject* pModule = PyImport_ImportModule("mytest");    PyObject* pFunhello= PyObject_GetAttrString(pModule,"hello");    PyObject_CallFunction(pFunhello,NULL);    Py_Finalize();}

这里需要把 site-packages文件夹复制到cmake路径下

运行结果如下

执行成功

3. 打包
我们期望的效果是，直接把应用解压就可以运行，而不需要再去安装其他的依赖。这样就需要把python环境一起打包到应用中。
在执行打包的时候，很多资料都说是需要把python目录下的dll 还有 libs打包成一个zip文件，其实这个是不对的。无论怎么尝试各种结构都会报如下错误

"D:/develop/workspace/xxx/material-size-detection/material-size-detection-edge/cmake-build-debug-visual-studio-2022"Python path configuration:  PYTHONHOME = (not set)  PYTHONPATH = (not set)  program name = 'python'  isolated = 0  environment = 1  user site = 1  import site = 1  sys._base_executable = 'D:\\develop\\workspace\\xxx\\material-size-detection\\material-size-detection-edge\\cmake-build-debug-visual-studio-2022\\MaterialSizeDetectionEdge.exe'  sys.base_prefix = ''  sys.base_exec_prefix = ''  sys.platlibdir = 'lib'  sys.executable = 'D:\\develop\\workspace\\jscoe\\material-size-detection\\material-size-detection-edge\\cmake-build-debug-visual-studio-2022\\MaterialSizeDetectionEdge.exe'  sys.prefix = ''  sys.exec_prefix = ''  sys.path = [    'D:\\develop\\workspace\\xxx\\material-size-detection\\material-size-detection-edge\\cmake-build-debug-visual-studio-2022\\python310.zip',    '.\\DLLs',    '.\\lib',    'D:\\develop\\workspace\\xxx\\material-size-detection\\material-size-detection-edge\\cmake-build-debug-visual-studio-2022',  ]Fatal Python error: init_fs_encoding: failed to get the Python codec of the filesystem encodingPython runtime state: core initializedModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'encodings'
Current thread 0x0000bdac (most recent call first):  <no Python frame>

正确的做法是，找到官网对应的embeddable版本，也就是可嵌入版本
https://www.python.org/downloads/windows/

将这个3个文件复制到执行目录下即可

4. 优化
以上是把相关的功能实现了，下面需要把一些构建进行优化,打包的时候，可以不用手动去拷贝

cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.22)project(MaterialSizeDetectionEdge)
set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD 17)set(CMAKE_AUTOMOC ON)set(CMAKE_AUTORCC ON)set(CMAKE_AUTOUIC ON)
#set(CMAKE_PREFIX_PATH "D:/develop/program/Qt/6.3.1/mingw_64")set(CMAKE_PREFIX_PATH "D:/develop/program/Qt/6.3.1/msvc2019_64")
set(CONF_FILES config.xml)set(TS_FILES material-size-detection-edge_zh_CN.ts)set(QRC_FILES resource.qrc)
set(PROJECT_SOURCES        ${TS_FILES}        src/main.cpp        src/mainwindow.cpp        src/mainwindow.h        src/mainwindow.ui)
find_package(Qt6 COMPONENTS        Core        Gui        Widgets        Xml        REQUIRED)
include_directories("${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/include/python" )if(WIN32)    link_directories("${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/dependencies/windows-x86_64/libs")endif()
set(PY_LIBS _tkinter python3 python310)
add_executable(MaterialSizeDetectionEdge ${PROJECT_SOURCES})
target_link_libraries(MaterialSizeDetectionEdge        Qt::Core        Qt::Gui        Qt::Widgets        Qt6::Xml
        ${PY_LIBS}        ws2_32        )
if (WIN32)    set(DEBUG_SUFFIX)    if (MSVC AND CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE MATCHES "Debug")        set(DEBUG_SUFFIX "d")    endif ()    set(QT_INSTALL_PATH "${CMAKE_PREFIX_PATH}")    if (NOT EXISTS "${QT_INSTALL_PATH}/bin")        set(QT_INSTALL_PATH "${QT_INSTALL_PATH}/..")        if (NOT EXISTS "${QT_INSTALL_PATH}/bin")            set(QT_INSTALL_PATH "${QT_INSTALL_PATH}/..")        endif ()    endif ()    if (EXISTS "${QT_INSTALL_PATH}/plugins/platforms/qwindows${DEBUG_SUFFIX}.dll")        add_custom_command(TARGET ${PROJECT_NAME} POST_BUILD                COMMAND ${CMAKE_COMMAND} -E make_directory                "$<TARGET_FILE_DIR:${PROJECT_NAME}>/plugins/platforms/")        add_custom_command(TARGET ${PROJECT_NAME} POST_BUILD                COMMAND ${CMAKE_COMMAND} -E copy                "${QT_INSTALL_PATH}/plugins/platforms/qwindows${DEBUG_SUFFIX}.dll"                "$<TARGET_FILE_DIR:${PROJECT_NAME}>/plugins/platforms/")    endif ()    foreach (QT_LIB Core Gui Widgets Xml )        add_custom_command(TARGET ${PROJECT_NAME} POST_BUILD                COMMAND ${CMAKE_COMMAND} -E copy                "${QT_INSTALL_PATH}/bin/Qt6${QT_LIB}${DEBUG_SUFFIX}.dll"                "$<TARGET_FILE_DIR:${PROJECT_NAME}>")    endforeach (QT_LIB)
    file(GLOB DLL_LIST ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/dependencies/windows-x86_64/dlls/*.dll)    foreach(DLL_FILE ${DLL_LIST})        add_custom_command(TARGET ${PROJECT_NAME} POST_BUILD                COMMAND ${CMAKE_COMMAND} -E copy                "${DLL_FILE}"                "$<TARGET_FILE_DIR:${PROJECT_NAME}>")    endforeach()
    add_custom_command(TARGET ${PROJECT_NAME} POST_BUILD            COMMAND ${CMAKE_COMMAND} -E copy_directory            "${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/dependencies/windows-x86_64/site-packages"            "$<TARGET_FILE_DIR:${PROJECT_NAME}>/site-packages")
    add_custom_command(TARGET ${PROJECT_NAME} POST_BUILD            COMMAND ${CMAKE_COMMAND} -E copy_directory            "${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/py"            "$<TARGET_FILE_DIR:${PROJECT_NAME}>/py")
    add_custom_command(TARGET ${PROJECT_NAME} POST_BUILD            COMMAND ${CMAKE_COMMAND} -E copy            "${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/dependencies/windows-x86_64/python310.zip"            "$<TARGET_FILE_DIR:${PROJECT_NAME}>")
endif ()

参考文档
https://blog.csdn.net/yulinxx/article/details/90231955
https://cloud.tencent.com/developer/ask/sof/367090

569500Qt 调用python 脚本并打包

Qt 调用python 脚本并打包

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